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Food pyramid (nutrition)
A food pyramid or diet pyramid is a pyramid-shaped diagram representing the optimal number of servings to be eaten each day from each of the basic food groups.
The first food pyramid was published in Sweden in 1974.〔〔〔 The food pyramid introduced by the United States Department of Agriculture in the year 1992 was called the "Food Guide Pyramid". It was updated in 2005 and then replaced by MyPlate in 2011.
== Origin ==
Amid high food prices in 1972, Sweden's National Board of Health and Welfare developed the idea of "basic foods" that were both cheap and nutritious, and "supplemental foods" that added nutrition missing from the basic foods. Anna-Britt Agnsäter, chief of the "test kitchen" for Kooperativa Förbundet (a cooperative Swedish retail chain), held a lecture the next year on how to illustrate these food groups. Attendee Fjalar Clemes suggested a triangle displaying basic foods at the base. Agnsäter developed the idea into the first food pyramid, which was introduced to the public in 1974 in KF's ''Vi'' magazine. The pyramid was divided into basic foods at the base, including milk, cheese, margarine, bread, cereals and potatoes; a large section of supplemental vegetables and fruit; and an apex of supplemental meat, fish and eggs. The pyramid competed with the National Board's "dietary circle," which KF saw as problematic for resembling a cake divided into seven slices, and for not indicating how much of each food should be eaten. While the Board distanced itself from the pyramid, KF continued to promote it, and food pyramids were developed in other Scandinavian countries, as well as West Germany, Japan and Sri Lanka. The United States later developed its first food pyramid in 1992.
Yet many populations appear to have flourished on diets based largely on combinations of plant foods, with animal foods used rather sparingly. For example, archaeologic and literary sources suggest that the composition of the diets of ancient Greece and Rome closely resembled the recommendations oftoday's Food Guide Pyramid. Of course, the health impact of ancient diet can only be inferred. Life expectancy was short, but this was more likely as a result of disease and war than of malnutrition. The rich accomplishments of such societies were unlikely to have been possible in the presence of widespread nutritional deprivation.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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